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Wednesday, August 17, 2005
Globalization and PR
Globalization and PR
Bisnis Indonesia 10 Aug, 2003
We are familiar with the scrumptious McDonald’s burger, the crunchiness of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) or the freshness of Coca Cola. Even though in numerous countries, local franchisees try to imbue the ‘touch’ of local specialties, but the basic taste of these multinational companies’ products are still same.
In a nut shell, the taste of BigMac we purchase in Jakarta, is exactly the same with the one we purchase in Tokyo, Moscow or Buenos Aires. The same apply to the crispyness of KFC’s chicken wings or the malt scent in Coca Cola.
All of these are not a matter of coincidence. Oppositely, the ’enforcement’ of taste is intentional. More than that, the service standard of each McDonald’s and KFC restaurants could be termed as similar.
In the case of KFC, for example, the same taste, is due to hystorical factor. Colonel Harland Sanders – the founder of KFC – wanted to maintain the original taste of his fried chicken.
KFC, McDonald’s and Coca Cola, are few examples of how the world could be united in culinary terminology. The exact union in terms that there’s no barrier of discrimination. The difference in foreign exchange, is almost inconsequential. Make an attempt to convert the exchange rate, the price of a bottle of Coca Cola in Jakarta, is not much different from the price of another bottle of Coca Cola in Atlanta, where the main factory and headquarter of the world highest selling softdrink company is located.
’One Taste, For All of The World’. This is the realization of globalization concept – perhaps, these are what the owners and managements of these multinational companies would say. But the scenario of ’one world, one taste’ to those allergic to all factors linked to the western world and the United States, may mean more. Even could be politicized.
For these parties, globalization is a stage of capitalism development process, which started with colonialism. Globalization is the next phase of developed countries’ obsessions to ’control’ the market in third world countries.
This scenario flows rapidly since 1970s. The realizations were through various trade forum and ............... to the meeting in Marakesh, Morocco, on April 1994 – with the signing of trade treaty among governments which known as General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT).
Later, to monitor and control world trade, in 1995 World Trade Organization (WTO) was established as a replacement of GATT. WTO, at this time is a main player in the progress of globalization mechanism.
Critics on globalization have some true points. Thus, it is understandable that leaders from developing countries are often discontented with these situations. Malaysia Prime Minister, Mahathir Muhammad, for example, in front of the United Nations leaders, voiced his sharp critics by stating that the realization of globalization concept is still unfair – in terms that it benefits the rich countries.
PR Strategy
But in this occasion, I do not have intention to discuss globalization from political point of view. I just want to scrutinize the following facts. KFC, currently have not less than 11,000 outlets in more than 80 countries. KFC fried chicken is consumed by around 8 millions people. In Indonesia, KFC has become a generic name for flour covered fried chicken product.
Meanwhile, other ten millions of people in 200 countries engaged in consumption of various soft drinks manufactured by The Coca Cola company. And the same McDonald’s restaurants have become the favorite place for young generation to hang-out for hours.
To achieve these are not easy tasks – and impossible to be done without smart PR (Public Relations) strategy. And it is not cheap either.
McDonald’s, for example, is rumored have spent U$ 2 billions on promotion. But this is followed by their smart PR to thrust the topics on health in their campaign. One of these strategies is the involvement as sponsor in international sport events.
For example, Olympic Day Run – the run to commenmorate Olympic Day which routinely conducted on June rotatively in 150 countries. Currently, McDonald’s have been recorded as main sponsor of the coming Olympic Games 2004 in Athens.
The choices on sport and health topics are correct. Because McDonald’s often received critics in relation to the high cholesterol and carsinogenic ingredients in the food products – which if true, hazzardous to health.
Meanwhile, KFC smartly choose public figures to promote their products. The latest is Annika Sorenstam – female golf player, who won US open championship twice. KFC also target high rating TV shows to advertise, in example Friends, American Idol or Fear Factor.
In Indonesia, Coca Cola with theme ’Semangat Lagi’ rope in a number of musicians and teens idols as stars in their advertisements.
The purpose is to implant an image to their consumers, that Coca Cola makes their lives a success as what they experience now.
The above examples show that PR with smart communications are not only capable to support marketing of a product, but they also play important roles in ’value creation’ of a product or brand, developing close relationship between manufacturer and consumer, which in the end reaping consumer’s trust.
It should be underlined that communication should be conducted in global scale, thus the ’intimate relationship’ achieved would be able to break the barriers of border of a country.
PR, with its strength to communicate beyond borders, is indeed capable of ’uniting the world’ and giving important meanings to globalization process.
This is depend on how to focus the strength of PR into instruments which capable to realize globalization concept in positive interpretation – not only ’domination’ of manufacturers and producers in developed countries on consumers in developing countries.
It also gives access, thus products of third world countries could be accepted by consumers in powerful countries.
Etos Pengusaha Muda (1)
ETOS PENGUSAHA MUDA (1)
di Bisnis Indonesia www.bisnis.com
Oleh Christovita Wiloto
http://www.wiloto.com
Managing Partner Wiloto Corp.
Indonesia William Henry Gates III, nama itu mungkin agak asing bagi kita. Tapi coba sebut, Bill Gates, Anda pasti maklum. Dia lah pendiri Microsoft (bersama Paul Allen), dan kini tercatat sebagai orang paling kaya di dunia versi Majalah Forbes. Tahun lalu, majalah itu menyebut kekayaan Bill Gates mencapai US$46,5 triliun! Itu, sudah terpangkas separuh dari total asetnya pada 1999, yang mencapai US$90 triliun. Di bawah kendali Gates, Microsoft tumbuh sebagai raksasa software dunia. Mempekerjakan tak kurang dari 55.000 karyawan di 85 negara, pada semester I 2004, Microsoft mampu menuai pendapatan hampir US$37 miliar. Gates juga terus memperbarui teknologi Microsoft, agar semakin efektif dan ramah bagi setiap pengguna komputer.
Lahir di Seattle, pada 28 Oktober 1955, Gates sudah terpikat pada bidang peranti lunak pada usia yang sangat muda. Dia bahkan mulai membuat program komputer saat usianya belum genap 14 tahun, dan menciptakan bahasa BASIC pada 1973, ketika masih kuliah di Harvard University.
Lalu, sebut pula nama Steven Paul Jobs. Jobs juga tercatat sebagai pemain utama di industri komputer. Bersama karibnya, Steve Wozniak, Jobs dikenal sebagai pendiri Apple Computer Co. Jobs membidani kelahiran Apple dari garasi rumahnya yang sederhana, dan resmi mengibarkan bendera Apple pada 1976. Belakangan, sekitar 1986, Jobs-yang sangat dikagumi karena keahliannya meyakinkan orang dan kemampuannya sebagai salesman unggul-merambah industri animasi. Bersama Edwin Catmull, dia mendirikan Pixar, sebuah studio animasi komputer di Emeryville, California. Karena kepemimpinannya di Pixar, dan kemapanannya di Apple, Jobs dinilai banyak pengamat industri hiburan, sebagai salah satu calon pengganti Michael Eisner, pemimpin Walt Disney Company, yang mendistribusikan dan mendanai film buatan Pixar.
Paradigma baru Kisah sukses Bill Gates dan Steve Jobs, barangkali telah menjadi klasik. Cerita mereka memulai usaha, kerap dijadikan contoh, betapa sebuah obsesi bisa membawa seseorang ke puncak ketenaran-baik karena kualitas karyanya maupun kekayaannya. Betapa sebuah ide orisinal yang mungkin awalnya tak diperhitungkan, ditambah dengan tekad yang membara, kelak terbukti mampu mengubah dunia.
Setelah era konglomerasi di Indonesia 'rontok', sebenarnya kini saatnya bagi para generasi muda untuk berani tampil menjadi para pengusaha muda yang tangguh. Indonesia membutuhkan banyak sekali para pengusaha muda dengan etos kerja yang positif, smart dan profesional. Dan ini merupakan hal yang mutlak! Semangat dan etos seperti di ataslah yang seharusnya ditiru para pengusaha muda kita agar eksis di tengah persaingan global yang semakin ketat.
Pengusaha muda kita perlu membekali diri dengan kreativitas dan tekad untuk selalu menciptakan nilai tambah dari produk atau usahanya. Sehingga, nilai tambah itu nantinya dapat memberi manfaat bagi industri yang digelutinya-menambah devisa negara, mendongkrak penerimaan pajak, menciptakan lapangan kerja baru dan memberi layanan publik secara optimal, juga mengibarkan Merah Putih di tengah dunia.
Pengusaha muda seperti itu di Indonesia, sebenarnya cukup banyak. Tapi mereka lebih kerap memilih "diam dalam bekerja"-bahkan, cenderung menjauhi publikasi. Orang kemudian, baru mengenal mereka dari karya-karya dan hasil kerjanya yang spektakuler.
Sayangnya, di Indonesia, pengusaha yang kerap muncul, adalah mereka yang sejatinya adalah politikus. Atau pengusaha petualang. Yang biasanya memanfaatkan statusnya sebagai pengusaha untuk meraih karier politik. Misalnya, menggalang dana masyarakat sebanyak-banyaknya, baik dari pasar modal atau pinjaman bank, lalu mencoba menelikung hukum untuk mengemplang kewajibannya. Stop praktik seperti itu! Dan mulai dengan hal-hal yang profesional dan etis!
Coba kita bayangkan jika para eksekutif muda di berbagai lini korporasi di Indonesia berani mengambil keputusan untuk menjadi pengusaha muda. Pasti ekonomi Indonesia akan semakin semarak dengan berbagai bisnis yang bergairah, juga dengan penemuan-penemuan yang luar biasa! Coba juga kita bayangkan jika setiap setiap mahasiswa, membuat inkubator bisnis di masa akhir kuliahnya. Pasti Apple-apple baru akan bermunculan di Indonesia. Mengapa tidak dari sekarang mengubah paradigma? Menjadi pengusaha muda yang profesional?
Tuesday, August 16, 2005
Indonesia Raya
Do we able to memorize the text of Indonesia Raya? Do we know, the story behind the creation of the National Anthem of Indonesia by Wage Rudolf Supratman? How many times in a year we sing it ? Or, try to recall, when was the last time you sang the song solemnly?
Perhaps, to answer these questions, in the ceremony of the 58th National Independence Day in Presidential Palace, Sunday, August 17, the coordinator distributed a book on National Anthem Indonesia Raya, written by Bondan Winarno.
This book, which prelude written by President Megawati Soekarnoputri is not only discuss the history of Indonesia Raya, also a search of the actuality of this song in the context of being a nation and a country at present day.
In the midst of economy and political turmoil today, and the prominent threat of disintegration, we seemed as in the dire needs of ’instruments to bond’ the sense of nationalism.
And one of those ’instruments’ is the National Anthem Indonesia Raya, which lyric was written by WR. Soepratman in 1924, and played for the first time two years later.
During colonialism period, the Dutch government prohibited the display of Indonesia Raya, and prohibited the reference as National Anthem. But this prohibition was the element that pumped the sense of patriotism amongst Indonesian youth to fight the Dutch colonialism.
Indonesia Raya was even sung with such pride and gusto – to accompany the departure and victory of the fighters of independence.
Such fond memories on courage and sincerity of the fighters shall be treasured and planted till now. But us – who should be grateful on the fruit of independence presented by those fighters – remain apathyst.
Many of us only sing Indonesia Raya during celebration of August 17, in our workplaces, if not performed half-heartedly.
Even though, when we were still schooling – from elementary school to high school – we used to sing Indonesia Raya once a week during flag-raising ceremony every Monday.
After we left school, there are no more liabilities to attent such ceremony. Even private TV stations, seldomly play national and patriotic songs. It’s lack of wonder, when we grow up as adults, we oftenly forget Indonesia Raya, literally or metaphoric.
Build the Nationalism
The absence of such obligation will indirectly crush our nationalism. To prevent similar things, in few countries, for example Phillipines, the government rules that National Anthem should be played before and after movie screening in cinemas.
In neighboring countries, Singapore and Malaysia, videoclips of national anthem are aired frequently.
To preserve nationalism, perhaps we shall sing Indonesia Raya more often – especially in special occassions. For example, in the inauguration of People Consultative Assembly summit, big or small.
At least, this could remain the parliament members, that they stand there to fight for the interests and aspirations of people that they represent.
Perhaps Indonesia also need to implement national service like in other countries ? May be not that extreme, for ’Penataran P4’ made our young generation felt allergic. Because of the tendency to ’enforce’ rather than persuasive process to ’nurture’ or to ’sell’.
To nurture the sense of nationalism is not an easy task. Even though in real sense it shall be not too difficult. In the perspective of communication, to encourage nationalism should not be much different from the efforts to cultivate consumer fanatism to certain brands.
It means, to nurture the love and pride to own nation, is not effective if done sporadically, with methods that tend to be symbolic.
Ceremonial occassions still needed, but there are needs for communication forms that persuasive and ’trendy’ that love is cultivated not forced.
The same ways producers use to seduce consumers into using their products. These are done with well planned marketing and promotion strategies.
In other words, to cultivate the nationalism, should be conducted in persuasive ways which could nurture the sense of belongings and pride – proud of being Indonesian, proud of singing Indonesia Raya in international stages, proud of using Indonesian products, and the list continues.
Obviously for these to succeed, the precise strategies are needed. Thus, people will not think twice, when asked to sacrifice for their nation and country. And this scenario will made easier – as what I have stated above – if there are ’bonding instruments’, one of which the National Anthem Indonesia Raya.
In the context of the period of the struggle for independence, President Soekarno was a brilliant strategic communicator, he was a high-skilled world communicator.
Soekarno had precise understanding on the conditions of Indonesia people at that time. He understood precisely what messages should be delivered and how to deliver them. He was able to optimize all available media, both locally and foreign media.
Even with the limited media, Soekarno was able to deliver his messages to the whole nation in such clarity. To build the strong patriotism, even though attacked by various disinformation by the colonial government.
Soekarno understood well the formation of reputation of Indonesia, both in the eyes of world and its own people. Probably Soekarno’s technics and strategies are still relevant, but they should be adapted accordingly to the current context of Indonesia and the development of communications in present day.
There’s missing feeling to hear Indonesia Raya sung with love and pride.
Perhaps, to answer these questions, in the ceremony of the 58th National Independence Day in Presidential Palace, Sunday, August 17, the coordinator distributed a book on National Anthem Indonesia Raya, written by Bondan Winarno.
This book, which prelude written by President Megawati Soekarnoputri is not only discuss the history of Indonesia Raya, also a search of the actuality of this song in the context of being a nation and a country at present day.
In the midst of economy and political turmoil today, and the prominent threat of disintegration, we seemed as in the dire needs of ’instruments to bond’ the sense of nationalism.
And one of those ’instruments’ is the National Anthem Indonesia Raya, which lyric was written by WR. Soepratman in 1924, and played for the first time two years later.
During colonialism period, the Dutch government prohibited the display of Indonesia Raya, and prohibited the reference as National Anthem. But this prohibition was the element that pumped the sense of patriotism amongst Indonesian youth to fight the Dutch colonialism.
Indonesia Raya was even sung with such pride and gusto – to accompany the departure and victory of the fighters of independence.
Such fond memories on courage and sincerity of the fighters shall be treasured and planted till now. But us – who should be grateful on the fruit of independence presented by those fighters – remain apathyst.
Many of us only sing Indonesia Raya during celebration of August 17, in our workplaces, if not performed half-heartedly.
Even though, when we were still schooling – from elementary school to high school – we used to sing Indonesia Raya once a week during flag-raising ceremony every Monday.
After we left school, there are no more liabilities to attent such ceremony. Even private TV stations, seldomly play national and patriotic songs. It’s lack of wonder, when we grow up as adults, we oftenly forget Indonesia Raya, literally or metaphoric.
Build the Nationalism
The absence of such obligation will indirectly crush our nationalism. To prevent similar things, in few countries, for example Phillipines, the government rules that National Anthem should be played before and after movie screening in cinemas.
In neighboring countries, Singapore and Malaysia, videoclips of national anthem are aired frequently.
To preserve nationalism, perhaps we shall sing Indonesia Raya more often – especially in special occassions. For example, in the inauguration of People Consultative Assembly summit, big or small.
At least, this could remain the parliament members, that they stand there to fight for the interests and aspirations of people that they represent.
Perhaps Indonesia also need to implement national service like in other countries ? May be not that extreme, for ’Penataran P4’ made our young generation felt allergic. Because of the tendency to ’enforce’ rather than persuasive process to ’nurture’ or to ’sell’.
To nurture the sense of nationalism is not an easy task. Even though in real sense it shall be not too difficult. In the perspective of communication, to encourage nationalism should not be much different from the efforts to cultivate consumer fanatism to certain brands.
It means, to nurture the love and pride to own nation, is not effective if done sporadically, with methods that tend to be symbolic.
Ceremonial occassions still needed, but there are needs for communication forms that persuasive and ’trendy’ that love is cultivated not forced.
The same ways producers use to seduce consumers into using their products. These are done with well planned marketing and promotion strategies.
In other words, to cultivate the nationalism, should be conducted in persuasive ways which could nurture the sense of belongings and pride – proud of being Indonesian, proud of singing Indonesia Raya in international stages, proud of using Indonesian products, and the list continues.
Obviously for these to succeed, the precise strategies are needed. Thus, people will not think twice, when asked to sacrifice for their nation and country. And this scenario will made easier – as what I have stated above – if there are ’bonding instruments’, one of which the National Anthem Indonesia Raya.
In the context of the period of the struggle for independence, President Soekarno was a brilliant strategic communicator, he was a high-skilled world communicator.
Soekarno had precise understanding on the conditions of Indonesia people at that time. He understood precisely what messages should be delivered and how to deliver them. He was able to optimize all available media, both locally and foreign media.
Even with the limited media, Soekarno was able to deliver his messages to the whole nation in such clarity. To build the strong patriotism, even though attacked by various disinformation by the colonial government.
Soekarno understood well the formation of reputation of Indonesia, both in the eyes of world and its own people. Probably Soekarno’s technics and strategies are still relevant, but they should be adapted accordingly to the current context of Indonesia and the development of communications in present day.
There’s missing feeling to hear Indonesia Raya sung with love and pride.
Over Expose
Over Expose
The significance of Public Relations is undoubtable, the realization have been developed not only in big corporations or multinational companies, but also small and medium enterprises.
A law firm which has been established for a year by young low graduate, for example, is taking off after implementing a correct Strategic PR. Or when an unique beauty salon which conceptualized by a young woman is able to developed vastly because since the conceptualization period a Strategic PR have been implemented, whether in room design, brand, services provided. The strategy become very public oriented, beside to its consumers, also to efforts to fulfill public demand as a whole.
In a corporate world, PR roles become very important and more complex. An accurate strategy is needed, also in the implementation. There are needs on a precise Communications Audit before a strategy is defined according to the conditions of the company. For example: media perception, consumers, investors, government, competitor and other public to our company.
Every public perceive different characterization, and possess different perception. Different public need different approaches. The way we interact with investors should be different with the way we interact with government, for example.
After a Communications Audit is conducted, a strategy is needed, few PR strategy scenarios are formed by considering the situations and conditions. What is the A Plan, and B Plan as the contingency plan. Later, by analysis on precise diagnosis, a strategy is implemented. In the implementation period, the capability in Art of PR is crucial. A good strategy could be spoiled by wrong implementation. But on the other side, PR Action could become a boomerang, if the strategy is not precise.
Over Expose
Most of people still consider PR as appearing in media or in front of public, or making news. This is wrong! Appearing by public, media or being in the news without a correct strategy is very dangerous. This could cause an over expose, an uncontrolled reputation and could lead to crisis.
Become famous, appearing in media, become news material oftenly bring excitement to the directors. But being exposed without a correct strategy could be dangerous. Because public perception is running wild and in the end reach a critical stage of uncontrollable monster. The simplest are that public perceptions are not as we targeted. For example, when an International Bank which known as a Card Center rather than its existence as a global bank. Only because the public expose emphasized on its credit card product.
But in the reality, there are many companies still have principles of as long as famous, as long as able to be covered, to be in the news. There are no strategic PR planning and oftenly different from the planned company strategy. Oftenly the reputation formed is far deviated from the corporate vision and mission, under-positioning, over-positioning or confused positioning.
For example, a bank shall be perceived as a professional, credible, prudent and trustworthy institution, in the end perceived by public as nest of crooks. This is an example of wrong strategy which is very eminent.
Or a lawyer who should be perceived as justice defender, but seen by public as mafia of justice, because oftenly appeared in TV and printed media sporadically and misdirected. Or when an investment bank with various comprehensive financial services is perceived by public as a mere fund manager. Or when a printing company is perceived as packaging company, an others.
Once again, Public Relations is not merely appearing in media and become famous; but more than that, achieving corporate vision and mission.
To conduct repositioning on public perception which have been misled and planted strongly in their minds would need tremendous efforts, also a great deal of time and expenses, with low level of success.
Public Relations strategy is same as an headache, could be self-cured, could be cured by going to drug merchant, shaman, traditional healer, doctor or specialist. The way to diagnose may be different, which lead to different recipes and different results. A specialist will perform analysis and diagnosis carefully with more accurate results. The headache could be only a symptom, but the illness turns out to be high cholesterol, diabetic, high blood pressure, etc where treatment of each illness will be different and could not be cured by a mere pain killer.
Imagine when the illness is diabetic, but everyday we take only painkiller ? Thus, the Over Expose is exactly same like overdose of a wrong medicine. When the medicine is wrong, topped by overdose! The result is a critical and fatal illness, which may lead to the failure of the company.
Sunday, August 14, 2005
Ronald Reagan
The Great Communicator, begitu The Washington Post menyebut Ronald Reagan. Dia telah pergi. Mantan Presiden Amerika Serikat (AS) ke-40 ini, meninggal dunia di usia 93 tahun, setelah sepuluh tahun menderita penyakit Alzheimer. Reagan meninggal dunia di kediamannya kawasan Bel Air, Los Angeles. Reagan tetap dikenang sebagai salah satu presiden terbaik AS.Bahkan, sahabat terdekatnya, mantan Perdana Menteri Inggris Margareth Thatcher mengenang Reagan sebagai "pahlawan besar Amerika yang sebenarnya".
Reagan mengumumkan kepada publik AS pada akhir1994 bahwa dirinya menderita Alzheimer yang menyebabkan kekacauan otak yang membawa pada disorientasi mental dan kemunduran fisik.Ia menjalani kehidupan yang tenang di rumahnya sejak itu. Reagan yang berdinas di Gedung Putih tahun 1981-1989, merupakan presiden AS yang paling lama hidup. Ia adalah presiden AS tertua yang pernah dipilih dan orang paling tua yang berkuasa, yang meninggalkan masa jabatan keduanya hanya beberapa hari sebelum hari ulang tahunnya yang ke-80.
Walaupun sudah tiada, namun kini suara tajam Reagan tetap akan terdengar di tengah publik. Telah diproduksi boneka Reagan yang bisa berbicara. Boneka Reagan merupakan keluaran terbaru Talking Presidents. Boneka tersenyum dengan tinggi 30 cm itu dioperasikan dengan batere dan bisa mengeluarkan 11 kalimat politik Reagan. Kalimat-kalimat politik favorit yang pernah diucapkan oleh Reagan, termasuk, "Tuan Gorbachev, runtuhkan tembok ini," dan "Anda dan saya dipertemukan oleh takdir." Yang diluncurkan oleh boneka tersebut adalah rekaman suara asli Reagan. Boneka ini laku keras, bak kacang goreng, begitu menurut John Warnock, kreator Talking Presidents.
"Reagan merupakan salah satu presiden AS favorit bagi kebanyakan orang Amerika," kata John. The Great Communicator Jika orang ditanya tentang siapa Ronald Reagan menurut mereka, maka sebagian besar orang langsung menjawab: Presiden AS atau Bintang Film. Tetapi saya cenderung setuju dengan The Washington Post, Ronald Reagan adalah seorang komunikator yang sangat hebat. Reagan dijuluki sebagai presiden paling komunikatif setelah Roosevelt. Abraham Lincoln dikenal sebagai jagonya pidato tertulis, sementara Roosevelt dijuluki jagonya pidato radio, sedang Reagan adalah Sang Aktor, dialah bintang televisi dunia.
Reagan sadar betul bagaimana peranan TV yang sangat besar sebagai media yang luar biasa daya jangkau dan pengaruhnya terhadap tiap individu di seluruh dunia. Jika kita ditanya tentang Reagan, maka kita dapat bercerita panjang lebar tentangnya. Tetapi berapa banyakkah dari kita yang memiliki kesempatan secara langsung melihat dia? Sadar atau tidak, televisi membuat segala seuatu seolah-olah nyata dan hampir-hampir diingat sebagai pengalaman pribadi setiap individu penontonnya. Pencitraan yang dibentuk oleh televisi sangatlah dahsyat. Dan Reagan adalah ahlinya. Saat ini kita hidup dalam sebuah kebudayaan reality TV di mana batas antara fakta dengan fiksi sangatlah kabur, maka disinilah Reagan memainkan peranan strategisnya.
Selain itu Reagan mampu membuat seluruh hidupnya menjadi sebuah “show” yang memikat untuk diperhatikan setiap orang, layaknya sebuah runtutan cerita film yang menarik. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari pengalamannya baik sebagai penyiar radio dan bintang Hollywood. Saya ambil beberapa contoh yang sangat menarik untuk kita pelajari bersama.
Pertama, ketika pertama kali Reagan berdinas di gedung putih pada tahun 1981. Pada saat itu lawan-lawan politiknya mencoba merusak reputasi Reagan dengan berbagai anekdot-anekdot lucu dan bodoh tentang Reagan. Sama seperti cerita-cerita konyol tentang Capres dan Cawapres via sms yang saat ini sering kita terima. Dan hasilnya? Popularitas Reagan menurun drastis. Positioning yang terbentuk saat itu tentang Reagan adalah presiden AS yang bloon dan mantan artis.
Dua bulan kemudian. DOR! Seorang pria, John Hinkley, menembank Reagan di Hotel Washington dengan enam tembakan. Satu peluru bersarang satu inci dekat jantung, begitu menurut berita.Rekaman video berita penembakan itu disiarkan berulang-ulang. Setelah penembakan itu popularitas Reagan melejit bak meteor, luar biasa jauh, sangat jauh melebihi Inul!! Satu bulan kemudian, dia sudah sembuh! Dan mengejutkan rakyat AS dengan program ekonomi baru: pemotongan pajak & anggaran negara.
Terlepas dari kontroversi yang ada, ada bisik-bisik dikalangan elit komunikator, bahwa penembakkan itu sekedar merupakan rekayasa ala Hollywood, maklum di Hollywood, dar der dor macam itu merupakan makan sehari-hari para Cowboy disana. Betul atau tidak bisik-bisik itu? Wah siapa yang tahu?! Tapi yang jelas penembakkan itu mampu meningkatkan simpati publik dunia pada Reagan.
Kedua, Star Wars, atau perang bintang. Ini adalah program yang brilian dari Ronald Reagan. Kira-kira intinya, kalau mau perang jangan di bumi, tapi di antara bintang-bintang, di luar angkasa. Program ini digembar-gemborkan keseluruh dunia melalui berbagai media terutama televisi. Karena televisi mampu menampilkan bentuk-bentuk audio visual. Seluruh mata publik dunia terpukau dan tertuju pada proyek Star Wars ini. Sampai-sampai Uni Sovyet yang saat itu menjadi musuh terbesar AS “termakan kampanye AS” itu, dan habis-habiskan mengeluarkan budgetnya untuk mampu menjawab perang bintang AS itu. Soviet menyiapkan proyek Soyuz. Dan apa yang terjadi? Uni Soviet pun bangkrut karena proyek itu. Dan dengan berbagai strategi komunikasi yang sangat luar biasa, maka hancurlah Uni Soviet menjadi berkeping-keping.
Pertanyaannya sekarang, bagaimana keahlian komunikasi Reagan? Fakta membuktikan bahwa program Star Wars sebenarnya tidak pernah ada! Itu hanya isapan jempol belaka dan sekedar gertak sambal Reagan! Ha..ha..ha… siapapun yang menyadari ini akan terhenyak, ternyata inilah makna kata-kata Margareth Thatcher, “ Reagan membuat revolusi paling bersejarah di Uni Soviet tanpa ada perang dan baku tembak.” Ini merupakan bukti yang sangat nyata betapa powerful-nya startegi komunikasi, bahkan lebih dahsyat dari perang dan baku tembak.
Ketiga, Reagan juga sangat piawai dalam berpidato, kalimat-kalimatnya singkat namun tajam mengena pada sasaran. Seperti kalimat, "Jika Anda mencari perdamaian, kesejahteraan untuk Uni Soviet dan Eropa Barat, jika Anda menginginkan liberalisasi, datanglah ke gerbang ini, Pak Gorbachev. Buka gerbang ini, Pak Gorbachev," kata Reagan kepada Presiden Uni Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev, pada saat ia secara khusus mengunjungi Gerbang Brandenburg, Berlin, 12 Juni 1987. Atau kalimat: "Saya berterima kasih kepada seluruh rakyat Amerika karena telah diberi kesempatan melayani Anda sebagai presiden," katanya 10 tahun lalu. Perhatikan kata “melayani Anda”, kalimat yang sangat sederhana namun sangat dahsyat efeknya, karena disampaikan oleh seorang presiden AS. Dan masih banyak lagi contoh-contoh lain tentang kehebatan Reagan berkomunikasi strategis.
Mimpi rasanya memiliki presiden RI seperti Reagan suatu saat nanti. Tapi apakah dalam konteks Indonesia saat ini seorang Reagan dapat efektif memimpin Indonesia? Mungkin jawabannya belum. Indonesia saat ini lebih memerlukan pemimpin yang rendah hati dan memiliki rasa kasih sayang yang sangat tinggi terhadap seluruh rakyat Indonesia yang sudah penat menanggung beban. Jadi yang lebih diperlukan Indonesia saat ini adalah pemimpin yang memiliki sikap melayani.
Strategic Communications
Bisnis Indonesia, Minggu 14 Agustus 2005
Strategic Communications
Oleh Christovita Wiloto
CEO Wiloto Corp.
powerpr@wiloto.com
Saya sempat takjub, ketika seorang teman dengan amat detil mengatakan, betapa Starbucks Coffee bukan sekadar jaringan kedai kopi dari AS. Melainkan juga tempat bersosialisasi -- terutama bagi masyarakat urban di negeri itu.
Teman saya tadi amat paham, bahwa perusahaan yang berpusat di Seattle, Washington, ini mengambil namanyadari nama salah satu karakter di novel Moby-Dick,dengan logo seorang siren. Lalu, ia seperti hafal diluar kepala saat mengungkapkan pada Januari 2005,Starbucks telah memiliki 8.949 outlet di seluruh dunia-- dengan rincian 6.376 outlet di AS dan 2.573 outletdi negara lain.
Ia juga bisa dengan lancar menceritakan, Starbuckskali pertama dibuka pada 1971 oleh Jerry Baldwin, ZevSiegel, dan Gordon Bowker. Howard Schultz bergabung dengan perusahaan ini pada 1982, dan terinspirasi oleh bar espresso di Italia, membuka jaringan Il Giornalepada 1985. Beberapa saat setelah pemilik aslinyamembeli Peet's Coffee and Tea, Starbucks dijual pada Schultz yang kemudian me-rebranding Il Giornale dengannama Starbucks pada 1987.
Sebenarnya, saya maklum, karena teman tadi memang seorang maniak kopi. Tapi yang membuat saya takjub,adalah pemahamannya terhadap apa pun yang berlabel Starbucks. Tentu saja, ia adalah penikmat sejati semua varian kopi Starbucks.
Persepsi positif
Apa yang terjadi pada teman saya tadi, adalah contohkecil -- namun konkret -- keberhasilan sebuah strategic communications (SC). Dalam hal ini, SC yang digencarkan Starbucks di seluruh dunia. Starbucks memang salah satu dari banyak perusahaan global yangmengoptimalkan SC untuk ''menguasai dunia.''
Hal serupa dilakukan pula, misalnya, oleh Microsoft,Coca Cola, McDonalds, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Nokia,Mercedes, Disney, Samsung, Honda, Sony, dan ratusan perusahaan global lainnya. Mereka rajin berkomunikasi dengan konsumennya tidak melulu dengan iklan, namun dengan berbagai pemberitaan positif yang dirilis secara by design dan terus menerus.
Dengan cara seperti itu, hampir setiap orang di kolong bumi pasti mengenal -- setidaknya pernah mendengar --nama-nama global tadi. Tentu saja, seperti yang terjadi pada teman saya tadi, tak sedikit di antarakita yang tak sekadar ''ngeh'', tapi paham betul seluk beluk produk dan sejarah sebuah perusahaan.
Selain itu, banyak pula penduduk dunia yang punya persepsi positif tentang masing-masing produk tersebut. Persepsi positif itulah yang mampu menciptakan trust dari seluruh penduduk dunia. Yang pada akhirnya akan menciptakan loyalitas global.
Tak cuma dalam skala korporasi. Pemerintah sejumlahnegara besar juga telah mampu memfungsikan SC untukmembangun citra positif. AS, misalnya. Kita akanmelihat gambaran amat manis mengenai negara itu, jikamenyimaknya dari apa yang disodorkan Hollywood, CNN,dan sejumlah situs internet.
Value of Corporation
Pada tataran lebih strategis, SC tak sekadar bisamendongkrak merek atau brand sebuah produk. Tapi secara siknifikan juga mampu meningkatkan nilai perusahaan di pentas global. Sehingga investor memiliki sentimen positif untuk terus mengucurkan dananya ke sana. Dan, saat nilai sahamnya kianmembaik, value of corporationnya juga bakal melambung.
Selain itu SC dapat meningkatkan sentimen positif pemerintah berbagai negara di belahan dunia yg berbeda-beda terhadap perusahaan. Sehingga negara-negara itu dengan tangan terbuka lebar menerima perusahaan-perusahaan global tersebut untuk beroperasi di negaranya. Dalam banyak kasus, si perusahaan justru diundang masuk dengan berbagai insentif yang menggiurkan.
Dengan asumsi yang sama, persepsi positif tentu jugabisa diimplementasikan di tataran hubungan antar negara.Bila pemerintah sebuah negara mampu mengoptimalkan SC citra negara tadi akan menjadi bagus.
Kalau di tingkat korporasi citra positif tadi akan berbuntut pada loyalitas, dalam skala pemerintahan, gambaran sejuk tadi akan mempertebal trust atau kepercayaan internasional. Dengan modal tersebut, takakan sulit bagi pemerintah negara tersebut untuk menggalang investasi -- khususnya dari pemodal asing-- untuk menanamkan dananya di sana.
Dan, kita tentu paham, investasi jangka panjang dan berkesinambungan yang masuk, secara otomatis akan memacu perekonomian negara yang bersangkutan ''berlarilebih cepat'' untuk menggapai kesejahteraannya. Untuk itu diperlukan strategi yang matang, cermat dan sistematis untuk melakukan strategic communications.
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